What range of inclination is suggested when fixing a convex bead in the 3F position?

What range of inclination is suggested when fixing a convex bead in the 3F position?

• A. 0-10 degrees
• B. 20-40 degrees
• C. 45-60 degrees
• D. 15-25 degrees

Answer: (A)

In vertical (3F) welding, gravity pulls molten metal downward, so shaping the bead relies on keeping the electrode nearly upright with only a small tilt. A slight inclination in the range of 0–10 degrees helps direct the filler metal just enough toward the joint as you travel, promoting even deposition and a rounded, outward-bulging surface—i.e., a convex bead. If you tilt more steeply, the molten pool shifts too much to one side or runs ahead of the weld, which can widen the bead, cause sagging or undercut, and fail to produce a true convex profile. That’s why 0–10 degrees is the recommended range for fixing a convex bead in the 3F position.

In vertical (3F) welding, gravity pulls molten metal downward, so shaping the bead relies on keeping the electrode nearly upright with only a small tilt. A slight inclination in the range of 0–10 degrees helps direct the filler metal just enough toward the joint as you travel, promoting even deposition and a rounded, outward-bulging surface—i.e., a convex bead. If you tilt more steeply, the molten pool shifts too much to one side or runs ahead of the weld, which can widen the bead, cause sagging or undercut, and fail to produce a true convex profile. That’s why 0–10 degrees is the recommended range for fixing a convex bead in the 3F position.