What are the three types of distortion?

What are the three types of distortion?

• A. Angular, Longitudinal and Transverse
• B. Circular, Radial and Spiral
• C. Vertical, Horizontal and Diagonal
• D. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary

Answer: (A)

In welding, distortion comes from the metal shrinking as it cools and the surrounding material restraining that shrinkage. The three common types are angular distortion (the joint ends twist, changing the angle between plates); longitudinal distortion (the weld area lengthens or shortens along the weld line, causing bowing along the length); and transverse distortion (movement across the weld, perpendicular to the weld axis, producing curvature or waviness). These arise from unequal cooling and residual stresses and can be managed with proper joint design, welding sequence, and restraint. The other term groupings don’t reflect the standard categories used for distortion in welding.

In welding, distortion comes from the metal shrinking as it cools and the surrounding material restraining that shrinkage. The three common types are angular distortion (the joint ends twist, changing the angle between plates); longitudinal distortion (the weld area lengthens or shortens along the weld line, causing bowing along the length); and transverse distortion (movement across the weld, perpendicular to the weld axis, producing curvature or waviness). These arise from unequal cooling and residual stresses and can be managed with proper joint design, welding sequence, and restraint. The other term groupings don’t reflect the standard categories used for distortion in welding.